Solids Control Cuttings Management Equipment and services to maintain drilling fluid integrity and minimize waste. MI SWACO provides a complete line of solids. Table of Contents Page INTRODUCTION TO HYDROCHLORIC ACID. BMP Handbook. The BMP Handbook is provided below as a complete download and as individual sections. This handbook evaluates numerous Best Management Practices BMPs. Fluid-Mechanics-for-Petroleum-Engineers-PDF-Free-Download..jpg' alt='Handbook Petroleum Processing Pdf' title='Handbook Petroleum Processing Pdf' />Shale oil extraction Wikipedia. This article is about production of synthetic oil from oil shale. Handbook Petroleum Processing Pdf' title='Handbook Petroleum Processing Pdf' />For production of crude oil trapped in oil bearing shales tight oil, see tight oil. Shale oil extraction. Quotes and exchange traded contract information. Petroleum Resources Definitions, Classification, and Categorization Guidelines 3 Evaluation of Petroleum Reserves and Resources. Global challenges and strategies for control, conversion and utilization of CO 2 for sustainable development involving energy, catalysis, adsorption and chemical. Permit to Install EXEMPTION HANDBOOK Michigan Air Pollution Control Rules R336. R 336. 1291 Rules 278 291 Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. MANUFACTURING Methyl chloride or chloromethane CH 3 Cl is a colorless gas that is shipped as a liquid under pressure. Large amounts of chloromethane. The Occupational Outlook Handbook is the governments premier source of career guidance featuring hundreds of occupationssuch as carpenters, teachers, and. Oil and Natural Gas Industry Preparedness Handbook. API created the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Preparedness Handbook, with support from members and associations. Shells experimental in situ shale oil facility, Piceance Basin, Colorado, United States. Process type. Chemical. Industrial sectorsChemical industry, oil industry. Main technologies or sub processes. Kiviter, Galoter, Petrosix, Fushun, Shell ICPFeedstock. Oil shale. ProductsShale oil. Leading companies. Royal Dutch Shell, Eesti Energia, Viru Keemia Grupp, Petrobras, Fushun Mining Group. Main facilities. Fushun Shale Oil Plant, Narva Oil Plant, Petrosix, Stuart Shale Oil Plant. Shale oil extraction is an industrial process for unconventional oil production. This process converts kerogen in oil shale into shale oil by pyrolysis, hydrogenation, or thermal dissolution. The resultant shale oil is used as fuel oil or upgraded to meet refinery feedstock specifications by adding hydrogen and removing sulfur and nitrogen impurities. Shale oil extraction is usually performed above ground ex situ processing by mining the oil shale and then treating it in processing facilities. Other modern technologies perform the processing underground on site or in situ processing by applying heat and extracting the oil via oil wells. The earliest description of the process dates to the 1. In 1. 68. 4, Great Britain granted the first formal extraction process patent. Extraction industries and innovations became widespread during the 1. The industry shrank in the mid 2. As of 2. 01. 0, major long standing extraction industries are operating in Estonia, Brazil, and China. Its economic viability usually requires a lack of locally available crude oil. National energy security issues have also played a role in its development. Critics of shale oil extraction pose questions about environmental management issues, such as waste disposal, extensive water use, waste water management, and air pollution. HistoryeditAlexander C. Kirksretort, used in the mid to late 1. Its design is typical of retorts used in the end of 1. In the 1. 0th century, the Arabian physician Masawaih al Mardini Mesue the Younger wrote of his experiments in extracting oil from some kind of bituminous shale. The first shale oil extraction patent was granted by the British Crown in 1. Modern industrial extraction of shale oil originated in France with the implementation of a process invented by Alexander Selligue in 1. Scotland using a process invented by James Young. During the late 1. Australia, Brazil, Canada, and the United States. The 1. Pumpherston retort, which was much less reliant on coal heat than its predecessors, marked the separation of the oil shale industry from the coal industry. China Manchuria, Estonia, New Zealand, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland began extracting shale oil in the early 2. However, crude oil discoveries in Texas during the 1. Middle East in the mid 2. In 1. 94. 4, the US recommenced shale oil extraction as part of its Synthetic Liquid Fuels Program. These industries continued until oil prices fell sharply in the 1. The last oil shale retort in the US, operated by Unocal Corporation, closed in 1. The US program was restarted in 2. Energy Policy Act of 2. As of 2. 01. 0update, shale oil extraction is in operation in Estonia, Brazil, and China. In 2. 00. 8, their industries produced about 9. Australia, the US, and Canada have tested shale oil extraction techniques via demonstration projects and are planning commercial implementation Morocco and Jordan have announced their intent to do the same. Only four processes are in commercial use Kiviter, Galoter, Fushun, and Petrosix. Processing principlesedit. Overview of shale oil extraction. Shale oil extraction process decomposes oil shale and converts its kerogen into shale oila petroleum like synthetic crude oil. The process is conducted by pyrolysis, hydrogenation, or thermal dissolution. The efficiencies of extraction processes are often evaluated by comparing their yields to the results of a Fischer Assay performed on a sample of the shale. The oldest and the most common extraction method involves pyrolysis also known as retorting or destructive distillation. In this process, oil shale is heated in the absence of oxygen until its kerogen decomposes into condensable shale oil vapors and non condensable combustibleoil shale gas. Oil vapors and oil shale gas are then collected and cooled, causing the shale oil to condense. In addition, oil shale processing produces spent oil shale, which is a solid residue. Multimedia Controller Driver Windows 7 32 Bit. Spent shale consists of inorganic compounds minerals and chara carbonaceous residue formed from kerogen. Burning the char off the spent shale produces oil shale ash. Spent shale and shale ash can be used as ingredients in cement or brick manufacture. The composition of the oil shale may lend added value to the extraction process through the recovery of by products, including ammonia, sulfur, aromatic compounds, pitch, asphalt, and waxes. Heating the oil shale to pyrolysis temperature and completing the endothermic kerogen decomposition reactions require a source of energy. Some technologies burn other fossil fuels such as natural gas, oil, or coal to generate this heat and experimental methods have used electricity, radio waves, microwaves, or reactive fluids for this purpose. Two strategies are used to reduce, and even eliminate, external heat energy requirements the oil shale gas and char by products generated by pyrolysis may be burned as a source of energy, and the heat contained in hot spent oil shale and oil shale ash may be used to pre heat the raw oil shale. For ex situ processing, oil shale is crushed into smaller pieces, increasing surface area for better extraction. The temperature at which decomposition of oil shale occurs depends on the time scale of the process. In ex situ retorting processes, it begins at 3. C 5. 70 F and proceeds more rapidly and completely at higher temperatures. The amount of oil produced is the highest when the temperature ranges between 4. C 9. 00 and 9. 70 F. The ratio of oil shale gas to shale oil generally increases along with retorting temperatures. For a modern in situ process, which might take several months of heating, decomposition may be conducted at temperatures as low as 2. C 4. 80 F. Temperatures below 6. C 1,1. 10 F are preferable, as this prevents the decomposition of lime stone and dolomite in the rock and thereby limits carbon dioxide emissions and energy consumption. Hydrogenation and thermal dissolution reactive fluid processes extract the oil using hydrogen donors, solvents, or a combination of these. Thermal dissolution involves the application of solvents at elevated temperatures and pressures, increasing oil output by cracking the dissolved organic matter. Different methods produce shale oil with different properties. Industry analysts have created several classifications of the technologies used to extract shale oil from oil shale. By process principles Based on the treatment of raw oil shale by heat and solvents the methods are classified as pyrolysis, hydrogenation, or thermal dissolution. By location A frequently used distinction considers whether processing is done above or below ground, and classifies the technologies broadly as ex situ displaced or in situ in place.